Gaining Reputation with the Lorewalkers
Gaining reputation with The Lorewalkers is an unusual process. Instead of completing dailies or zone quests like most other Pandaren factions, players gain reputation by visiting monuments, completing achievements, and hearing folktales. If you have an organized path in mind, hitting Exalted should only take a few hours with a flying mount!
As the keepers of Pandaren culture,The Lorewalkers go hand-in-hand with the spirit of Archaeology. The unusual reputation grind fits the nature of these cultural librarians, and reputation rewards enhance this profession. Check out Wowhead's article on archaeology changes here!
Unlike other factions, The Lorewalkers do not sell 
Justice Points and 
Valor Points gear. There are four rewards at Exalted:
At Friendly, you will be able to speak to Brann Bronzebeard and purchase crates of old-world fragments (
Crate of Dwarven Archaeology Fragments) if you have max level archaeology.
Each monument in Pandaria is tied to an achievement. Upon visiting all the monuments for an achievement, you will be mailed a scroll that begins a quest. Both completing the achievement and turning in the scroll to Lorewalker Cho will give reputation. Turning in all the scrolls will net you Exalted.
When you turn the scroll in, Lorewalker Cho will automatically reenact a story for you that sheds light on Pandaren lore. You can hear these stories again anytime by talking to Lorewalker Cho.
All you really need to do to get exalted with the Lorewalkers is read each of the lore objects located throughout Pandaria; you can see a list of them (like The Seven Burdens of Shaohao) in your Exploration Achievements tab, under Pandaria. When you read all of the objects for each "story," you get an item to bring to Lorewalker Cho, who presents you with a sort of play about the story you collected, and you get a ton of reputation (thousands).
The best part? You can collect them all in an hour or less with 310 flying and a map to help you out.
The above map from BlizzPlanet shows you a route you can take starting right from Cho's home in Vale of Eternal Blossoms, taking you all across Pandaria to grab every lore object. The yellow stars are lore objects; the red stars are optional achievements, like Restore Balance and Legend of the Brewfathers. If you want to know where a specific one is and have an addon that shows you coordinates on your map, all of the objects are listed (per zone) below.
When you've collected them all, stop by a mailbox, collect all of the quest items, and turn them in to Lorewalker Cho. Keep in mind that you can only turn in one every five minutes or so, as Cho will begin telling you the story you returned to him; if you absolutely can't wait, just log out when he starts telling the story and immediately log back in. After turning in 8 of the 9 stories, you should be exalted.
Enjoy your flying cloud disc thing! Nimbussss!
Jade Forest
Between a Saurok and a Hard Place - The Saurok 67,29
Fish Tails - Watersmithing - 65,87
Hozen in the Mist - Hozen Speech - 26,28
The Dark Heart of the Mogu - Spirit Binders - 42,17
The Seven Burdens of Shaohao - The Emperor's Burden - Part 1 - 47,45
The Seven Burdens of Shaohao - The Emperor's Burden - Part 3 - 55,56
What Is Worth Fighting For - The First Monks - 35,30
Krasarang Wilds
Ballad of Liu Lang - Waiting for the Turtle - 72,30
Between a Saurok and a Hard Place - Last Stand - 32,29
Fish Tails - Origins - 30,38
Hozen in the Mist - Hozen Maturity - 52,87
The Dark Heart of the Mogu - The Lost Dynasty - 50,31
The Seven Burdens of Shaohao - The Emperor's Burden - Part 4 - 40,56
Valley of the Four Winds
Ballad of Liu Lang - A Most Famous Bill of Sale - 55,47
Ballad of Liu Lang - The Birthplace of Liu Lang - 20,55
Ballad of Liu Lang - Wondering Widow - 34,63
Fish Tails - Waterspeakers - 61,34
Hozen in the Mist - Embracing the Passion - 83,21
What Is Worth Fighting For - Pandaren Fighting Tactics - 18,31
The Veiled Stair
Between a Saurok and a Hard Place - The Defiant - 54,15 (In the cave connecting the zones)
Kun-Lai Summit
Fish Tails - Role Call - 74,83
Hozen in the Mist - The Hozen Ravage - 45,61
Valley of Emperors - Kun-Lai Summit - 53,46 (In the underground area that opens at 58,71)
The Seven Burdens of Shaohao - The Emperor's Burden - Part 2 - 43,51
The Seven Burdens of Shaohao - The Emperor's Burden - Part 6 - 67,48
The Seven Burdens of Shaohao - The Emperor's Burden - Part 7 - 41,42
The Song of Yaungo - Yaungoil - 71,62
The Song of Yaungo - Yaungol Tactics - 50,79
What Is Worth Fighting For - Victory in Kun-Lai - 63,40
Townlong Steppes
The Seven Burdens of Shaohao - The Emperor's Burden - Part 5 - 37,62
The Song of Yaungo - Dominance - 65,49
The Song of Yaungo - Trapped in a Strange Land - 84,72
Dread Wastes
Between a Saurok and a Hard Place - The Deserters - 67,60
Heart of the Mantid Swarm - Amber - 52,10
Heart of the Mantid Swarm - Cycle of the Mantid - 48,32
Heart of the Mantid Swarm - Mantid Society - 59,55
Heart of the Mantid Swarm - The Empress - 35,32
Vale of Eternal Blossoms
The Dark Heart of the Mogu - The Thunder King - 40,77
The Seven Burdens of Shaohao - The Emperor's Burden - Part 8 - 68,44
What Is Worth Fighting For - Always Remember - 52,68
What Is Worth Fighting For - Together, We Are Strong - 26,21
Information from both WowInsider and WowHead.