More plant types
As you progress with your Tillers quest line, and complete more daily quests, the full range of rewards from farming start to open up to you.
One of the main benefits of a higher reputation level with the Tillers, is that Merchant Greenfield will sell you a wider variety of seeds to grow at your ranch.
A higher reputation can also let you grow the farm itself.
The basic crop seeds you can plant at friendly (
Scallion Seeds etc), will most likely grow into 'Ripe Vegetables' and yield the results listed in the table below. However there is a moderate chance that when they grow over night, they will form 'Plump Vegetables' instead. When harvested plump vegetables will give 8 items instead of the usual 5.
There is also a small chance when you harvest any plant on your farm, that it will give you a rare item for reputation, such as 
Lovely Apple, in addition to it's typical loot.
Very occasionally, in place of the regular seeds that have a chance to drop, you can recieve 
Ominous Seed, which when planted will grow into 
Terrible Turnip.
Some of the seeds you can buy at revered will allow you to not only farm cooking ingredients, but also grow primary profession materials, such as cloth, metal, and enchanting materials. In addition, any crop you harvest will grant 50 reputatation with the Tillers, regardless of it's yield.
If you talk to Jogu the Drunk (the Jinyu near the water in Halfhill Market), for a price he will tell you which crops are likely to grow well for the next day.
What this means specifically is that the seeds he tells you to plant, will yield an additional two crops when harvested. This includes plump vegetables, making it possible to harvest up to 10 crops from any 1 plant.
The price he charges for this advice starts at an extortionate 25, but quickly drops to 10 after only 3000 reputation, and even further after that untill it's free.
So it's worth giving him a little food when you meet him for the first time to drop the price (or just asking another player what the daily plant is).
With the introduction of the new spirit of harmony vendors, Danky and Krystel, we can get an idea of the comparative values of crops when farming. So for those farming to reap a reward rather than just for the fun of it we can work out the most valuable crops to plant.
Both vendors stock the following goods, all of them selling for one 
Spirit of Harmony
We can see from the two tables above that there are certain crops that simply aren't worth growing.
With 
Songbell Seed → 
Mote of Harmony, and 
Raptorleaf Seed → 
Exotic Leather (usually only 1).
10x Mote of Harmony can be traded for 20x Exotic Leather, making it better to grow songbell and trade them rather than grow raptorleaf and harvest the leather.
The same is true for 
Ironpaw Token.
If you're thinking about turning in 
Bundle of Groceries (which require 100 vegetables) for tokens, the space needed to buy a token with vegetables would be much greater than the space needed via songbell.
For the rest of the materials, a farm full of Snakeroot or Enigma seeds will likely grant you more profession materials than the same space filled with songbell, but the requirement is that you have to make use of any ghost iron or green tea you harvest.
Likely the best rewards you're going to get from farming are:
Carrots Mellon and Scallion if you're after reputation.
Songbell if you're after Ironpaw tokens.
Songbell for flasks if you're raiding (Golden lotus seem to only spawn about 1/16 from enigma seeds)
Increasing your farm's size
A second benefit of your increased reputation with the Tillers is the ability to increase the size of your farming area by up to four times as much. Sixteen planting areas in total.
You start off with only four mounds of soil in which to plant seeds. As your reputation increases and you complete various tasks on the farm you can increase this area by a further four at a time.
| The first issue to overcome is the abundance of weeds encroaching on your ranch. When you get to Honored, Yoon will send you off to talk to the resident weed expert, Gai Lan  Growing the Farm I: The WeedsGai Lan is happy to help, but asks you to make your own weed killer through Growing the Farm I: A Little Problem. Once you complete the quest you will gain  Growing the Farm when you return to your farm. Gai Lan will then meet you there, and spend the 15 minutes removing the weeds from your farm. When he's finished you will have access to four new soil mounds, ready for planting. |
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The "Jinyu Princess" Irrigation System Now that you have cleared the weeds from Sunsong Ranch, Gina Mudclaw will sell you  "Jinyu Princess" Irrigation System.Once you accept it's quest you can take the boxed irrigation system back to Farmer Yoon, and he will set it up for you in your fields. The 'Jinyu Princess' is a watering system for your plants, when you've planted all your seeds, simply use the sprinkler once, and any 'Parched Crops' in your field will be watered and become growing crops. A neat idea, but seen as you only have 8 crops at this point, and it takes as long to turn on the sprinkler as it does to manually water your plants, it's not really the best farm addition you could hope for. The real benefit of this only comes once in a while when you have many more parched crops to water at once. |
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| The second hinderance is Yoon's Grandfather's old broken kart. When you hit Revered you can take the quest Growing the Farm II: The Broken Wagon, which sends you over to Fish Fellreed for a little carpentry help. She tells you she can fix it up no problem, so long as you bring her the wood Growing the Farm II: Knock on Wood. A quick dip in the near by lake, and a few fights with crabs later and you have all the wood she'll need. When you're done she will go over to your farm and give you Growing the Farm while fixing up the old cart. After fifteen minutes she'll be all done, moving it off to the road side. The space it frees up will give you another four soil mounds, but sadly not a usable cart. |
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"Thunder King" Pest Repellers Once Fellreed has fixed the broken wagon at Sunsong Ranch, Gina Mudclaw will sell you  "Thunder King" Pest Repellers.After you buy the Pest Repellers, and use them to take the quest, you can once again take it to Farmer Yoon to set up on your farm. The 'Thunder King' is a little more fun than the irrigation system, but works in a very similar way. When you've planted your crops for the day, using the Pest Repeller will vaporise any insects from any 'Infested Crops' in range, and turn them into growing crops. Much like the irrigation system, this is only really a time saver when you have more than one set of infested crops in any area. Unlike the water sprinklers though this is a lot more fun to set off, so it's worth it just for the enjoyment factor. |
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| The final obstacle is a huge rock covering the last of your farm land. If you get to Exalted and join the Tillers Union, by completing 'Haohan's Vote' see above, you can approach Yoon and take the quest Growing the Farm III: The Mossy Boulder.He will send you over to talk to Haohan Mudclaw who will be willing and ready to help you move the boulder. When you return to your ranch you will get your new buff Growing the Farm and Hoahan will follow you in with his pet Mushan 'Thunder'.Fifteen minutes of Thunder headbutting the boulder and it's finally gone, revealing the last four plots of your farm land. |
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The "Earth-Slasher" Master Plow With the mossy boulder removed from you field, Gina Mudclaw will sell you your final item,  "Earth-Slasher" Master Plow.Now that you have your hands on the Master Plow you can once again give it to Yoon to set it up on the farm. The 'Earth Slasher' is a really nice upgrade and easily the best of the three rewards from growing your farm. Once Yoon has placed it with your other tools, you can pick it up and keep it in your bags just as you would do the watering can or bug sprayer.  Master PlowWhen used, the plow sends you in a straight line for four seconds, tilling any soil in your path as you go. A great time saver. All you need to do is line yourself up with a row of untilled soil, use the plow and you'll have neatly tilled piles of soil ready for planting. Unfortunalty the plow wont remove stuborn weeds or occupied soil, but once you've done those by hand, this will make quick work of tilling. |
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Increasing your farm's population
By increasing your reputation with the individual farmers around The Heartland, you can unlock special flavor additions to your farm. Most of these are simply asthetic, but all of them make for a nice lively atmosphere.
See below for how to gain reputation with these farmers.
At Best Friend they will give you:
| Chee Chee: Farm Sheep  |
Ella: Luna  |
Farmer Fung: Shaggy  |
Fish Fellreed: Piggys  |
Gina Mudclaw: Mailbox  |
| Haohan Mudclaw: Miss Fifi  |
Old Hillpaw: Hillpaw's Chicken  |
Sho: Orange Tree  |
Tina Mudclaw: House Furniture + Stove  |
Lost and Lonely
When you get around half way through revered with the Tillers (~12000 rep) you will be able to see the Lost Dog in the southern fields of The Heartland. You can take a quest to feed, and once complete he will run off back to your farm to live with you (and patrol around your farm and dig under your house, bad dog). 
A Second Hand
With the whole farm fully uncovered and sixteen polts to attend to every day, it's suggested that you could do with a little extra help running your farm, and who better to help you than one of your best friends.
No, sadly not one of your best friends.. that would be too much fun, but one of the farmers around town with whom you've gained the reputation of 'Best Friend'.
Who you choose is entirly up to you. *cough Quartermaster cough*
Individual reputations
As well as the Tillers faction, there are also ten individual farmers with whom you can gain personal reputation.
Upon gaining Best Friend status with any of them you will gain a unique new addition to your farm, and an item in the post.
Their reputations are bracket slightly differently from a normal in-game reputation.
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Each farmer can be befriended by giving them either cooked food, or 'lost treasures'. Below are a list of their favorite items you can give them to gain reputation.
The treasure gifts can be found all across Pandaria in mounds of 'Dark Soil'.
The food to give to the farmers can be made by any level 525 chef.
Any farmer can be given any number of treasure items per day without the reputation gain diminishing, however they can only be given their favourite food once a day.
Continue to Additional reputation quests